Similarities and Differences Between Cofer and Malcolm X...

1. The three similarities between the Cofer and Malcolm X are very astounding. They both have an insatiable desire to learn and gives them a feeling of empowerment. In The Paterson Public Library. She talks about how She was absorbed by fantasy that gave her a sense of inner freedom and power. (Cofer 73). While Malcolm X states in Prison Studies I never had been so truly free in my life. (Malcolm X 84) Hinting at the fact of how it freed his mind. Both of them were alienated. In Paterson Public Library, she was afraid of being beaten up by a black girl and the library became her sanctuary. (Cofer73). While in Prison Studies Malcolm X was incarcerated and alienated from society and the learning that went on within his†¦show more content†¦She states it very clearly when she says: Books represent my spirital life. A library is my sanctuary. (Cofer 75). Basically she is telling you that gnosis is a gateway to freedom and in my opinion (metaphorically) possibly one day if the stars align properly in the age of aquarius maybe apotheosis. 5. The library is a temple for your mind to grow in thought and manifest into empowerment. 6. Malcolm X shows how important it is to expand your horizons within your mind and how it gave him the insight to take action even after being down and out. Even though he was at a disadvantage in society. People saw how he could communicate and associated him with a man that had went through a respected school system. One man even asked of him: Whats your alma mater?(Malcolm X 85). From prim proper London. Mistakenly confusing him with as an alumnus. This is just an example of how one can be percieved by the world if one has expanded their horizons, mind and how this could turn into oppertunities for the individual. 7. Two subthemes of the Malcolm X struggle is the fight for equality among the black community and how something bad in life like prison can be turned around into a positive with a determined individual. 8. I can relate to both of these stories. I tend to relate more to the Malcolm X story. I dropped out of school in the tenth grade and did not recieve my GED until I was nearly

“Analysis on Main Advantages and Disadvantages of...

â€Å"Analysis on main advantages and disadvantages of devolution and fiscal federalism: is a hybrid solution the cure?† All countries in the world, regardless their degree of development, size, complexity or their form of government, must tackle an important choice when it comes to decide how the power is distributed between the central government and the sub-national entities who exercise governmental functions at local level. The two possibilities at the end of the spectrum, i.e.: complete decentralization of powers to local bodies on the one hand and total centralization of administrative and fiscal powers in the central government on the other hand, are often not feasible since both entail downsides that could hinder the sound†¦show more content†¦Also, allowing local governments to collect taxes entails the creation of revenues that can then be used to increase the performance of the local economies, positively affecting companies operating locally. In fact, the proceeds from taxes now kept at local level will increase the disposable income of sub-national governments, allowing the latter to operate with less tight budget constraints and thus to reduce the fiscal burden applied to individuals and private companies, eventually inducing sounder local economic conditions and development. Moreover, the choice of allowing fiscal decentralization may strengthen horizontal competition amongst sub-national jurisdictions, which, in order to maximize their revenues, will try to attract more companies and wealthy individuals enacting favorable laws and applying different tax-rates, resulting in a better overall environment for the country as a whole. Still, it must be noted that greater competition definitely increases the pressure on local governments, which are now asked to develop and innovate in order not only to attract such proceeds stemming from taxes, but also to retain them, by continuously investing in welfare and creating an environment that is suitable for business activities. Furthermore, reducing the overall central government’s intervention (by means of fiscal transfers,

The Dark Triad ( Ocd ) Of Emotional Personality Traits And...

The purpose of the study conducted was to find the differences within the sexes in regards to the Dark Triad (DT) of emotional personality traits and trait emotional intelligence (EI) versus ability emotional intelligence. The Dark Triad refers to three personality traits of narcissism, exaggerated self-worth, Machiavellianism, manipulative behavior for personal gain, and psychopathy, coldness and/ or antisocial behavior. Trait EI involves performance and emotional self-perceptions. Ability EI comprises of capabilities analyzed using performance tests with management of emotion being the best ability. The study was conducted in Austria with students from the University of Graz. It was an online survey. There were originally 543†¦show more content†¦For men, who were older on average, Machiavellianism and psychopathy is associated with narcissism even though Machiavellianism and psychopathy were not correlated. The researchers concluded that men with higher narcissism overest imate their emotional capabilities since they scored lower with trait EI but higher with ability EI. With emotional management, narcissists may score lower in regards to interpersonal conflicts due to the dominate, competitive traits. Opposite of narcissism, â€Å"Machiavellianism was associated with trait EI but not with ability† (Jauk et al., 2016, p. 116). Machiavellianism includes manipulative behavior which leads the person to have a higher, stronger association â€Å"self-report emotional competence in terms of trait EI†¦ as a necessary means for manipulative behavior† (Jauk et al., 2016, p. 116). Although it does not fit with the previous study, trait EI and Machiavellianism has a positive correlation due to the regression model utilized in order to find the unique patterns which differs from the previous study. Psychopathy had a similar trend as Machiavellianism with no association with ability, but â€Å"had a negative effect on trait EI† (Jauk et al., 2016, p. 116). Men scored higher in psychopathy than women while also scoring higher in the DT survey in general with all subcategories. In regards to emotional management, women scored higher than men. Women had higher â€Å"performance measures of EI than men,† leading to women also having

The State Of Grand Canyon University - 1055 Words

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Alternative Investment Classes And Their Role In Investment Portfolio

Question: Explain the Alternative Investment Classes and their role in Investment Portfolio? Answer: Alternative Investment Classes and their role in Investment Portfolio Investment Management is managing the portfolios of clients by buying or selling or securities or assets having a certain goal or objective to maximize return and reducing risks, involved in such securities. Alternative investments are different from the regular or traditional type of investment, traditional investment consist of stock and bonds whereas alternative investment are generally not as liquid as stocks, bonds and it consists of hedge funds, investment in venture capital, private equity, exchange traded fund, commodities, currencies, financial derivatives, investment in art, antiques, precious metals, gold and silver, investment in wine, stamp etc. Investment in alternative assets requires regular updated knowledge about the market, and common investors do not generally invest in such securities.(Tuchman, 2013)(Tuchman, Investment Mahangement For Serious Savers, 2013) Different types of alternative investments are enumerated below:- 1. Hedge Funds These are funds available for a limited number of investors, and required a huge amount of initial investments. Hedge funds are not regulated, and such funds promise to fetch a positive return even when the market is down. Such funds are basically introduced for the purpose of risk reduction, and hedge fund can take an extreme long short position in one counter or two counters. Names like SAC Capital, Bridgewater, Global Alpha (Goldman) are most renowned hedge instruments. Lack of diversification or lack of clarity can be a real problem in such funds. Transfer of interest is limited as there is no secondary market involved as such. Sometimes the expenditures can offset the profit earned for employing a comparatively costly hedge fund strategy. These are some of the risks associated with hedge funds. There are several strategies to get absolute return; such strategies are convertible arbitrage strategy, equity market long short, global macro strategy, fixed income arbitrage, fund of funds etc.(Diedrich, 2014) Convertible arbitrage strategy works by purchasing an optionally convertible bond(OCB), computing the delta of the call option embedded with the OCB, and short selling the equity(i.e. no of bonds * delta as computed) Equity market long short refers to going long in an underpriced and going short in an overpriced stock. Global macro strategy is flexible and most refined strategy which takes advantage of arbitrage opportunities in currency, commodity, equity and debt markets all over the world. The objective of fixed income arbitrage is to reduce the interest rate risk. Fund of fund involves hedging for multiple investors. A disadvantage is this is that it is an expensive strategy.(Friedland, 2011)(Jackson, 2013) 2. Private Equity Private equity, unlike public equity are not traded in the countrys stock exchange, it deals with stocks of private companies or public companies who stocks have turned out to be delisted from the recognized stock exchange. The objective of this asset is to undertake those concerns which have potential to generate growth in future, and selling those entities in a higher value. (Dumon)(Idzorek, 2007) There are some risks involved in the investment of private equity, professional advice and going for a renowned private equity firm can mitigate the risks of potential losses. Clear idea about the offerings by checking documents would also help the investors to get ideas before investing. (Pelletier, 2013) There are several strategies like Leverage buy out, venture capital, mezzanine capital, distressed to control strategy. 3. Exchange Traded Fund Exchange traded funds are developed to check the activities and motions of currencies or commodities in the market. Currency ETFs like Yen, Euro the investment in such assets is basically meant for short term investments. An example would be Powershares DB US Dollar Bullish Fund (UUP). Commodity ETFs on the other hand gives protection against rise and fall of inflation index. An example of commodity ETF is i Shares SP GSCI(R) Commodity-Indexed Trust (GSG). Investment of ETF suffers from some disadvantages. Suppose the market is an inactive one then there varies chances that the investors would definitely purchase units of ETFs even if it is traded in the market. The discounts and premiums of such units also vary as the type of ETFs and time period influence the same.(Myers, 2011) 4. Real Estate Suppose Mr. A is planning to purchase a plot of building which is meant for office purposes from XYZ Pty Ltd with an objective to sale the property after two years and earning maximum return from such sale, this is a private investment in such plot of building which is an investment in a real estate property. It mostly earns favourable returns unless some uncertainties are attached to it. Changes in the economy of the country, regional market changes, financing risks are some of the weaknesses of this type of investment. Other than these, its disinvestment strategy, capital gain and hedging of inflation makes it more reliable.(Baron, 2013) 5. Investment in Gold Investment in gold has been safe and perfect for investors who want to invest in short term instruments. The nations which suffer from inflationary pressure are mostly dependant on gold. When it is said, investment in gold, it is not meant over here to invest in gold jewelries, as a lot of gold wastages and a higher amount of making charge is involved in that. Raw good biscuits or coins are real investment in such case. The opportunity cost to invest in any other kind of alternative investment assets is a risk involved in such case. Examples of investment in gold are by gold exchange traded funds, gold stocks, gold futures and options.(Robert Johnson, 1997)(Wadhwa, 2014) 6. Investment in Wine Investment in wine is also another type of alternative investment, like investment in gold or real estate. For example, someone invests in a bottle of wine and sells it later in order to get a higher return, or buying units of stock in wine fund that fetches required return. But investment in wine suffers from some deficiency as until and unless it is sold in the market it does not fetch any amount of return. The costs involved in preserving such wine would turn out to be a loss if there remains no increase in the value of investment. (Walne, 2014) 7. Financial Derivatives Financial derivatives can be termed as most complex from all of the types described above as of now. The general types of derivatives are futures, options, forwards, swaps, swaptions. Derivatives are like that of bets; it is a contract between parties and can be used as a financial asset and are traded over the counter. For example, a contract relating to crop futures can also be regarded as derivative. An agriculturist at present might allow selling its product to a broker or vendor during the winter season. Now if the price increases, the agriculturist may not earn sufficient return but if price decreases, it does not incur any loss. Lack of clarity or transparency, lack of professional advice and human error can be major drawbacks involved with the investment in such instruments.(Milton) Another important type of alternative investment is investment in the arts and antiques. For long term investment it is a good catch.(Brown, 2013) Buying from globally renowned artists or from an art and antiques international fair and selling it in the home market among the people or businessmen who have sophistication in such artifacts is a mechanism involved in such investment. One should take help from experts to confirm the originality of the article.(Wright, 2013) Alternative Investment in financial portfolio construction and management process A portfolio is constructed with various types of assets. The composition of each type of asset involves a decision making process that at what time, one needs to hold or sell the units of investment. The risk averse investors follow a conservative investment strategy in which the instrument has greater level of return or fixed level of return. An investor who is ready to tolerate risk would prefer long term investment and a moderately aggressive portfolio. For example, a moderately aggressive portfolio would be constructed with atleast 50% of Equities, 40% fixed income securities and 10% cash. There are several strategies involved with the types of alternative investments. Strategies relating to hedge funds have been discussed above. Those strategies can mitigate the level of exposures of risk in such instruments and can increase diversification, generate capital gains unlike traditional investment. A portfolio shall always consist of such units of financial assets the value of which will increase or decrease irrespective of the directions of stock market. While constructing a portfolio which involves an alternatives strategy, at least 20% of such portfolios asset should be out of alternative investments. Alternative investments have several strategies to manage risk and therefore it would not be wise for an investor to invest only in stocks, bonds and cash. (Pavia, 2013)(Hussey, 2010) Image Source:(HOWARD, 2014) In the above image, it is seen that alternatives did not bring as much as return as brought by equity or fixed income investments but they worked as a risk reducer and helped in diversification as well which could be seen from the calculation of sharpe ratio (Data has been taken from (HOWARD, 2014) ) . Assets Type 1year return (as of 11/30/2013) 1year risk (as of 11/30/2013) Sharpe Ratio( Return-Risk free rate)/ standard deviation Alternatives 6.65% 2.46% 2.68 U S Equity 31.71% 13.85% 2.29 Bonds -1.61% 3.93% -0.42 (Risk free rate is 0.06, as of 11/30/2013) Reasons for investing in alternative investments are reducing the risk by employing certain strategies meant for securities, diversification, inflation hedge and lastly higher amount of return. Unlike traditional assets, in alternative assets risk is managed without affecting the earned profits. Institutional investors mainly want to invest in alternatives due to its advantage of diversification. There are many options available in alternative investments unlike traditional investments, and unit of investment can be properly chosen accordingly. The benefits of investing in the alternatives can also be explained with the help of Markowitz Efficient Frontier. The above is the illustration of Markowitz Efficient Frontier, shows portfolios with lowest risk and a particular return or portfolio of highest return and a particular portion of risk. The efficient frontier for both traditional and alternative investments is on upper level representing return is more in that alternative.(Karavas, 2000) Recommendations : An investor trading in the traditional markets would be benefitted if invests in alternative securities along with bonds and stocks. The investors who have lesser knowledge about the derivative markets or are not confident about investing in such markets, it can be recommended to invest in precious metals, gold stocks, stamps, antiques as information regarding these instruments are available in a seamlessly cogent language which is understandable for all kinds of investors. Advice of professionals, brokers or agencies are required in case an investor is lacking expertise in the field of capital market instruments. Daily updating of facts relating to these instruments are necessary for short term investments as well. The implementation of strategies is to be done in a suitable manner so that it can benefit the investors without affecting the significant portion of return or profit. Before investing in a particular fund, one should consider the pros and cons involved with it and the extent of pros and cons and then it should opt for investing in such fund. Different countries have different rules or guidelines for investing in an alternative investments made by governing body, which should be taken care of and should not be ignored at any cost. The risks associated with investing in a fund are required to be evaluated properly. Summarization/Conclusion of discussion : There are various kinds of alternative investments. Alternative investments are different from traditional investments; investing in traditional investment is a common phenomenon. If traditional investments like stocks and bonds are invested and a particular percentage of investment is made in the alternatives along with stocks or bonds, the construction of the portfolio shall be optimum. Unlike traditional assets, alternative assets benefit the portfolio of investors by diversification, inflation hedging, and risk mitigation. Different alternative investment funds have different types of strategies which are used for the minimization of risk and volatility. Currencies, hedge funds, financial derivatives instruments needs knowledge, otherwise impracticality or human errors can cause a huge loss in those sectors. Other types of alternatives like investments in gold and silver, wine, a work of art or antiques, stamps are relatively less risky than the rest of the alternatives. Real est ate and investment in private equity has also helped in strengthening a portfolio structure to balance its risks and returns. References Baron, L. (2013). Three Things That Make A Great Real Estate Investment. Forbes , 1-2. Brown, J. (2013). Art, antiques investing is for the long haul. USA Today , 1-2. Diedrich, S. (2014). 'Alternative' or 'Hedged' Mutual Funds: What Are They, How Do They Work, and Should You Invest? Forbes , 1-3. Dumon, M. (n.d.). What is Private Equity. Investopedia , 1-2. Friedland, D. (2011). Magnum Funds -Synopsis of Hedge Fund Strategies. Retrieved 2011, from https://www.magnum.com/: https://www.magnum.com/hedgefunds/strategies.asp HOWARD, J. (2014). Exploring the benefits of alternative investments. LifeHealthPro - Markets, Affluent , 2. Hussey, R. M. (2010). Using Alternative Investments to Build a Stronger Portfolio. Advisor Perspectives , 1-3. Idzorek, T. (2007). Private Equity and Strategic Asset Allocation. ibbotson , 7-9. Jackson, L. (2013, September 9). Yahoo Finance. Retrieved September 9, 2013, from https://finance.yahoo.com/: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ten-strategies-hedge-funds-huge-123021171.html Karavas, V. N. (2000). Alternative Investments in the Institutional Portfolio. The Journal of Alternative Investments , 11-25. Milton, A. (n.d.). Derivatives Markets. About Money , 1. Myers, R. (2011). ETFs Make Alternative Investments More Accessible. The Wall Street Journal , 1-2. Pavia, J. (2013). Alternative strategies for 'average' investors. CNBC- Alternative Investing , 1-3. Pelletier, M. (2013). Know the risks before investing in private equity. Financial Post - Investing , 1-2. Robert Johnson, L. A. (1997). Gold as an Investment Asset. The Journal of Investing , 94-99. Tuchman, M. (2013). Investment Mahangement For Serious Savers. Forbes , 1. Tuchman, M. (2013). What is Investment Management? A Primer. Forbes , 1-2. Wadhwa, P. (2014). Should you invest in gold now? Business Standard , 1-2. Walne, T. (2014). Don't just drink those fine wines dahling ... invest in them. This is Money- Financial Mail on Sunday , 1-2. Wright, M. (2013). 10 tips for making money from antiques. The Telegraph (UK) , 1-3.

Vivian Murray Essay Example For Students

Vivian Murray Essay Vivian Murray Chambers was born in Salisbury, North Carolina on June 4, 1903. Mr. Chambers received a Bachelor of Science from Shaw University in 1928, then a Bachelor of Arts from Columbia University, New York in 1931. He later received a Master of Science from Cornell University in 1935 and a Doctor of Science (Ph.D. in Economic Entomology) from Cornell in 1946. Dr. Chambers worked for the WPA (Works Progress Administration) as a Senior Research Worker in the American Museum of Natural History. From 1936-1937, Vivian Chambers was appointed an Instructor of Science at Lincoln Normal School, Alabama. Between 1937 and 1943 Dr. Chambers worked as a Biologist for the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (Alabama AM). In 1945, Dr. Chambers was appointed Professor of Biology at Alabama AM. In 1970, Professor Chambers was appointed Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences. Vivian Murray Chambers Born: June 4, 1903 Birthplace: Salisbury, North CarolinaDr. Chambers received a Bachelor of Science from Shaw University in 1928, then a Bachelor of Arts from Columbia University, New York in 1931. He later received a Master of Science from Cornell University in 1935 and a Doctor of Science (Ph.D. in Economic Entomology) from Cornell in 1946. An entomologist studies insects. He worked as a Senior Research Worker in the American Museum of Natural History. From 1936-1937,Vivian Chambers was appointed an Instructor of Science at Lincoln Normal School, Alabama. Between 1937 ag nd 1943 Dr. Chambers worked as a biologist for the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University(Alabama AM). In 1945, Dr. Chambers was appointed Professor of Biology at Alabama AM. In 1970, Professor Chambers was appointed Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences.He died in 1984.